Core Basics Blog

In this article, we'll explore how to build a real-time chat application using Nest.js and WebSockets. We'll cover the basics of WebSockets, how to set up a Nest.js project, and how to implement real-time communication between clients and the server. What are WebSockets? WebSockets are a protocol that allows for bidirectional, real-time communication between a client and a server over the web. Unlike traditional HTTP requests, which are unidirectional and stateless, WebSockets establish a persistent connection between the client and server, allowing for efficient and low-latency communication. How do WebSockets Work? Here's a high-level overview of how WebSockets work: +-----------+ +-----------+ | Client | | Server | +-----------+ +-----------+ | | | HTTP Request | | (Upgrade to | | WebSocket) | |---------------| | | | ...

In recent years, serverless architecture has gained significant attention due to its cost-effectiveness, scalability, and reduced administrative burden. By leveraging serverless computing, developers can focus on writing code without worrying about the underlying infrastructure. In this article, we will explore how to implement a serverless architecture using Nest.js and AWS Lambda. What is Serverless Architecture? Serverless architecture is a cloud computing model where the cloud provider manages the infrastructure and dynamically allocates computing resources as needed. This approach eliminates the need for server provisioning, patching, and scaling, allowing developers to focus on writing code. Benefits of Serverless Architecture Serverless architecture offers several benefits, including: Cost-effectiveness: With serverless architecture, you only pay for the compute time consumed by your application. Scalability: Serverless architecture can scale automatically to h...

Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) is a crucial aspect of building robust and scalable applications. Nest.js, a popular Node.js framework, provides seamless integration with TypeORM, a powerful ORM library. In this article, we'll delve into advanced ORM techniques using Nest.js and TypeORM, exploring features such as entity relationships, query builder, and caching. Entity Relationships Entity relationships are a fundamental concept in ORM. TypeORM supports various types of relationships, including one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many. Let's examine each type and how to implement them using Nest.js and TypeORM. One-to-One Relationships A one-to-one relationship exists when a single entity is associated with another entity. For example, a user can have one profile. // user.entity.ts import { Entity, Column, OneToOne, JoinColumn } from 'typeorm'; import { Profile } from './profile.entity'; @Entity() export class User { @Column() id...

In recent years, RESTful APIs have been the standard for building web services. However, with the rise of GraphQL, many developers are now considering a hybrid approach that combines the strengths of both RESTful and GraphQL APIs. In this article, we'll explore how to build a hybrid RESTful/GraphQL API using Nest.js, a popular Node.js framework. Introduction to Nest.js Nest.js is a Node.js framework that allows developers to build efficient, scalable, and maintainable server-side applications. It provides a robust set of tools and features that make it an ideal choice for building RESTful and GraphQL APIs. Why Use a Hybrid Approach? While RESTful APIs are well-established and widely adopted, GraphQL offers several advantages, including: Improved query performance Reduced data overhead Increased flexibility However, GraphQL also has its own set of challenges, such as increased complexity and a steeper learning curve. By using a hybrid approach, developers can...

In recent years, microservices architecture has gained popularity as a way to build complex systems that are scalable, maintainable, and flexible. Nest.js, a popular Node.js framework, provides a robust set of tools for building microservices-based applications. In this article, we'll explore the benefits of microservices architecture and how to implement it using Nest.js. What is Microservices Architecture? Microservices architecture is a software development approach that structures an application as a collection of small, independent services. Each service is responsible for a specific business capability and communicates with other services using lightweight protocols and APIs. This approach allows for greater flexibility, scalability, and fault tolerance compared to traditional monolithic architecture. Benefits of Microservices Architecture Microservices architecture offers several benefits, including: Scalability: Individual services can be scaled independently...

In this article, we'll explore how to build a GraphQL API using Nest.js and Apollo. We'll cover the basics of GraphQL, how to set up a new Nest.js project, and how to use Apollo to create a GraphQL API. By the end of this article, you'll have a fully functional GraphQL API that you can use as a starting point for your own projects. What is GraphQL? GraphQL is a query language for APIs that allows clients to specify exactly what data they need, and receive only that data in response. This approach is different from traditional REST APIs, where clients typically receive a fixed set of data in response to a request. GraphQL has several benefits, including: Improved performance: By only receiving the data that's needed, clients can reduce the amount of data that's transferred over the network. Increased flexibility: GraphQL allows clients to specify exactly what data they need, which makes it easier to add new features or modify existing ones. Reduced...

In this article, we will explore how to implement authentication and authorization in a Nest.js application. We will cover the basics of authentication and authorization, and then dive into the specifics of implementing these concepts in a Nest.js application. What is Authentication and Authorization? Authentication and authorization are two fundamental concepts in computer security. Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user or system, while authorization is the process of determining what actions a user or system can perform. Authentication Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user or system. This can be done through various methods, such as: Username and password Two-factor authentication (2FA) OAuth OpenID Connect Authorization Authorization is the process of determining what actions a user or system can perform. This can be done through various methods, such as: Role-based access control (RBAC) Att...

Testing is an essential part of software development, ensuring that applications are reliable, stable, and meet the required standards. Nest.js, a popular Node.js framework, provides a robust set of tools for building efficient and scalable applications. However, testing Nest.js applications can be challenging, especially when dealing with complex logic, dependencies, and integrations. In this article, we will explore advanced testing techniques for Nest.js applications, covering topics such as unit testing, integration testing, and end-to-end testing. Unit Testing in Nest.js Unit testing is the process of verifying that individual components or units of code behave as expected. In Nest.js, unit testing is typically performed using the Jest testing framework. To write unit tests for a Nest.js application, you need to create test files with a `.spec.ts` extension and use the `@nestjs/testing` module to create test modules. import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testin...

Error handling is a crucial aspect of building robust and reliable applications. In Nest.js, error handling is done using exceptions, which are classes that extend the built-in `Error` class. However, as your application grows in complexity, you may need to implement more advanced error handling mechanisms to handle different types of errors and exceptions. In this article, we will explore how to implement advanced error handling in Nest.js. Understanding Nest.js Error Handling Nest.js provides a built-in error handling mechanism that catches and handles exceptions thrown by your application. When an exception is thrown, Nest.js catches it and returns a response with a 500 Internal Server Error status code. However, this default behavior may not be sufficient for complex applications that require more advanced error handling. Types of Errors in Nest.js There are two types of errors in Nest.js: synchronous and asynchronous. Synchronous errors occur when an exception is thrown ...

In recent years, monorepos have gained popularity as a way to manage multiple projects and packages within a single repository. This approach offers several benefits, including easier dependency management, simplified code sharing, and improved collaboration among team members. In this article, we'll explore how to build a Nest.js application using a monorepo structure. What is a Monorepo? A monorepo is a single repository that contains multiple projects or packages. This approach is in contrast to a multi-repo structure, where each project or package has its own separate repository. Monorepos are often used in large-scale applications where multiple teams need to collaborate on different components of the application. Benefits of Using a Monorepo Using a monorepo structure offers several benefits, including: Easier Dependency Management : With a monorepo, you can manage dependencies between projects more easily. You can use a single package.json file to manage depen...

Nest.js is a popular Node.js framework for building server-side applications. It provides a robust set of tools for building scalable and maintainable applications. One of the key features of Nest.js is its support for middleware functions, which allow developers to execute custom code before or after a request is processed. In this article, we will explore advanced middleware techniques in Nest.js and how to implement them in your applications. What is Middleware in Nest.js? Middleware in Nest.js is a function that has access to the request object (req), the response object (res), and the next middleware function in the application’s request-response cycle. Middleware functions can execute any code, modify the request and response objects, and even end the request-response cycle. Types of Middleware in Nest.js There are several types of middleware in Nest.js, including: Global Middleware: This type of middleware is executed for every incoming request. Module Middlewa...

In recent years, microfrontend architecture has gained popularity as a way to build complex web applications. This approach involves breaking down a monolithic frontend into smaller, independent applications that can be developed, tested, and deployed separately. In this article, we will explore how to build a Nest.js application with a microfrontend architecture. What is Microfrontend Architecture? Microfrontend architecture is an approach to building web applications that involves breaking down a monolithic frontend into smaller, independent applications. Each application, or "microfrontend," is responsible for a specific feature or set of features and can be developed, tested, and deployed separately. Microfrontend architecture offers several benefits, including: Improved scalability: With microfrontend architecture, each application can be scaled independently, allowing for more efficient use of resources. Increased flexibility: Microfrontend architecture ...

Dependency injection is a fundamental concept in software development that allows components to be loosely coupled, making it easier to test, maintain, and extend the system. Nest.js, a popular Node.js framework, provides a built-in dependency injection system that enables developers to manage dependencies between components efficiently. In this article, we will explore advanced dependency injection techniques in Nest.js, including module imports, provider registration, and scope management. Module Imports Nest.js modules are the basic building blocks of an application. Each module can import other modules, and the dependencies between them are managed by the framework. There are two types of module imports in Nest.js: eager and lazy imports. Eager Imports Eager imports are the default import type in Nest.js. When a module is imported eagerly, all its dependencies are loaded immediately, regardless of whether they are actually used. This approach can lead to performance issue...

Caching is a crucial technique for improving the performance and scalability of web applications. By storing frequently accessed data in a cache layer, you can reduce the load on your database and backend services, resulting in faster response times and improved user experience. In this article, we'll explore advanced caching strategies with Nest.js, a popular Node.js framework for building enterprise-level applications. Understanding Caching in Nest.js Nest.js provides a built-in caching mechanism through the `@nestjs/common` module. This module offers a simple caching API that allows you to store and retrieve data from a cache layer. However, for more advanced caching scenarios, you may need to use a third-party caching library or implement a custom caching solution. Types of Caching in Nest.js There are several types of caching that you can implement in Nest.js, including: Cache-Aside Pattern : This pattern involves storing data in both the cache layer and the dat...

Nest.js is a popular Node.js framework for building server-side applications. It provides a robust set of tools and features that enable developers to create high-performance, scalable, and maintainable applications. In this article, we will explore the best practices and techniques for building a high-performance Nest.js application. Understanding Nest.js Architecture Nest.js is built on top of the Express.js framework and uses a modular architecture. It provides a set of built-in modules that can be used to build applications, including modules for routing, middleware, and dependency injection. Understanding the Nest.js architecture is crucial for building high-performance applications. Modules and Controllers In Nest.js, modules are the basic building blocks of an application. A module is a class that defines a set of related components, including controllers, services, and entities. Controllers are responsible for handling incoming requests and returning responses. They a...