Core Basics Blog

Nest.js is a popular Node.js framework for building server-side applications, and TypeScript plays a crucial role in its ecosystem. In this article, we'll explore the role of TypeScript in Nest.js and how it contributes to the framework's success. What is TypeScript? TypeScript is a statically typed, multi-paradigm programming language developed by Microsoft. It's designed to help developers catch errors early and improve code maintainability, thus making it a popular choice for large-scale applications. Why is TypeScript used in Nest.js? Nest.js is built on top of TypeScript, and it's the recommended language for building Nest.js applications. The framework's creator, Kamil Mysliwiec, chose TypeScript as the primary language for several reasons: Static typing**: TypeScript's static typing system helps catch errors at compile-time, reducing the likelihood of runtime errors and making the code more maintainable. Interoperability with JavaScript*...

When it comes to building server-side applications, two popular frameworks come to mind: Nest.js and Node.js. While both frameworks are used for building scalable and efficient applications, they have distinct differences in their approach, architecture, and use cases. In this article, we'll delve into the differences between Nest.js and Node.js, exploring their unique features, advantages, and disadvantages. Overview of Node.js Node.js is a JavaScript runtime environment built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine. It allows developers to run JavaScript on the server-side, creating scalable and high-performance applications. Node.js is often used for building real-time web applications, microservices, and RESTful APIs. Overview of Nest.js Nest.js is a progressive Node.js framework for building server-side applications. It provides a robust architecture, a modular design, and a set of tools for building efficient and scalable applications. Nest.js is built on top of Node.j...

The Nest.js CLI is a powerful tool for building and managing Nest.js applications. It provides a set of commands that simplify the development process, from creating a new project to deploying it to production. In this article, we will explore the features and capabilities of the Nest.js CLI, and provide a step-by-step guide on how to use it to build and manage your Nest.js applications. What is the Nest.js CLI? The Nest.js CLI is a command-line interface tool that is used to create, build, and manage Nest.js applications. It is built on top of the Nest.js framework and provides a set of commands that can be used to perform various tasks, such as creating a new project, generating code, and deploying the application to production. Features of the Nest.js CLI The Nest.js CLI provides a range of features that make it an essential tool for building and managing Nest.js applications. Some of the key features include: Project creation : The Nest.js CLI allows you to create a ...

Nest.js is a popular Node.js framework for building server-side applications. It provides a modular architecture that allows developers to organize their code into separate modules, each with its own set of features and dependencies. In this article, we will explore the concept of Nest.js modules, their types, and how to use them effectively in your applications. What are Nest.js Modules? Nest.js modules are the building blocks of a Nest.js application. They are used to organize related components, services, and controllers into a single unit. A module can be thought of as a container that holds a set of related features and dependencies. Each module has its own scope, and the components, services, and controllers defined within a module are only accessible within that module. Types of Nest.js Modules There are two types of Nest.js modules: Root Module : The root module is the main entry point of a Nest.js application. It is the top-level module that contains all the oth...

Nest.js is a popular Node.js framework for building efficient, scalable, and maintainable server-side applications. It provides a robust set of tools and features that make it an attractive choice for developers. In this article, we will explore the benefits of using Nest.js and why it has become a go-to framework for many developers. 1. Strongly Typed and Object-Oriented Nest.js is built on top of TypeScript, which provides a strongly typed and object-oriented programming model. This means that developers can write more maintainable and efficient code, with fewer errors and bugs. The use of TypeScript also enables better code completion and refactoring, making it easier to develop and maintain large-scale applications. 2. Modular Architecture Nest.js has a modular architecture that allows developers to break down their application into smaller, independent modules. Each module can have its own set of dependencies, services, and controllers, making it easier to manage and mai...

WebSockets provide a powerful way to establish real-time communication between a client and a server. In this article, we'll explore how to use WebSockets in Nest.js, a popular Node.js framework for building server-side applications. We'll cover the basics of WebSockets, how to set up a WebSocket server in Nest.js, and how to handle WebSocket connections and messages. What are WebSockets? WebSockets are a protocol that allows for bidirectional, real-time communication between a client and a server over the web. Unlike traditional HTTP requests, which are request-response based, WebSockets provide a persistent connection between the client and server, allowing for efficient and low-latency communication. How do WebSockets work? Here's a high-level overview of how WebSockets work: A client (usually a web browser) initiates a WebSocket connection to a server by sending an HTTP request with a special header. The server responds with a special header, indicatin...

Nest.js is a popular Node.js framework for building server-side applications. It provides a robust architecture that enables developers to create scalable, maintainable, and efficient applications. In this article, we will delve into the Nest.js framework architecture and explore its key components. Overview of Nest.js Architecture Nest.js is built on top of the Node.js ecosystem and leverages the power of TypeScript to provide a robust and maintainable architecture. The framework is designed to be modular, allowing developers to easily build and maintain complex applications. Key Components of Nest.js Architecture The Nest.js architecture consists of the following key components: Modules : Modules are the building blocks of a Nest.js application. They are used to organize related components, services, and controllers. Controllers : Controllers are responsible for handling incoming requests and returning responses to the client. Services : Services are used to enca...

Nest.js is a popular Node.js framework for building efficient, scalable, and maintainable server-side applications. It provides a robust set of features that make it an ideal choice for developers. Here are the core features of Nest.js: 1. TypeScript Support Nest.js is built on top of TypeScript, which provides optional static typing and other features that make it easier to catch errors early and improve code maintainability. This allows developers to write more robust and maintainable code. 2. Modular Architecture Nest.js has a modular architecture that allows developers to organize their code into separate modules, each with its own set of controllers, services, and providers. This makes it easier to manage complex applications and reuse code. 3. Dependency Injection Nest.js has a built-in dependency injection system that makes it easy to manage dependencies between modules and services. This allows developers to write more decoupled and testable code. 4. Controllers...

Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) is a security feature implemented in web browsers to prevent malicious scripts from making unauthorized requests on behalf of the user. However, this feature can also block legitimate requests from different origins, causing issues for developers. In this article, we will explore how to handle CORS in Nest.js applications. Understanding CORS CORS is a mechanism that allows web pages to request resources from another domain. By default, web browsers enforce the same-origin policy, which prevents a web page from making requests to a different origin (domain, protocol, or port) than the one the web page was loaded from. CORS provides a way for servers to relax this policy and allow requests from other origins. CORS Headers CORS uses a set of HTTP headers to communicate between the client and server. The most important headers are: Access-Control-Allow-Origin : specifies the allowed origins Access-Control-Allow-Methods : specifies the ...

Rate limiting is a crucial security feature that prevents abuse of your API by limiting the number of requests from a single IP address within a specified time frame. In this article, we will explore how to implement rate limiting in a Nest.js application. Why Rate Limiting is Important Rate limiting is essential for several reasons: Prevents brute-force attacks: By limiting the number of requests from a single IP address, you can prevent attackers from attempting to guess passwords or authentication tokens. Reduces server load: Rate limiting helps to prevent your server from becoming overwhelmed with requests, which can lead to performance issues and downtime. Prevents abuse: Rate limiting can prevent users from abusing your API by making excessive requests, which can lead to additional costs and resource utilization. Implementing Rate Limiting in Nest.js There are several ways to implement rate limiting in Nest.js, including using middleware, guards, and third-p...

Environment variables are a crucial part of any application, allowing you to configure and customize your application's behavior without modifying the code. In this article, we'll explore how to use environment variables in Nest.js, a popular Node.js framework for building server-side applications. What are Environment Variables? Environment variables are values that are set outside of your application's code, typically in a configuration file or as part of the deployment process. They allow you to customize your application's behavior without modifying the code, making it easier to switch between different environments, such as development, testing, and production. Why Use Environment Variables in Nest.js? Using environment variables in Nest.js provides several benefits, including: Separation of Concerns**: Environment variables allow you to separate your application's configuration from its code, making it easier to manage and maintain. Flexibili...

File uploads are a common feature in many web applications, allowing users to upload files such as images, videos, and documents. In this article, we will explore how to handle file uploads in Nest.js, a popular Node.js framework for building server-side applications. Introduction to File Uploads in Nest.js Nest.js provides a built-in module for handling file uploads, called the `@nestjs/platform-express` module. This module allows you to handle file uploads using the Express.js framework, which is a popular Node.js web framework. Installing the Required Modules To handle file uploads in Nest.js, you need to install the `@nestjs/platform-express` module and the `multer` middleware. You can install these modules using the following command: npm install @nestjs/platform-express multer Configuring the File Upload Module After installing the required modules, you need to configure the file upload module in your Nest.js application. You can do this by creating a new module a...

Error handling is an essential aspect of building robust and reliable applications. In Nest.js, error handling is made easier with the help of built-in features and third-party libraries. In this article, we will explore how to handle errors in Nest.js, including best practices and examples. Understanding Error Handling in Nest.js Nest.js provides a built-in error handling mechanism that catches and handles errors globally. This mechanism is based on the concept of exceptions, which are instances of the `HttpException` class or its subclasses. Types of Errors in Nest.js There are two types of errors in Nest.js: Operational Errors: These are errors that occur during the normal operation of the application, such as database connection errors or file system errors. Programmer Errors: These are errors that occur due to programming mistakes, such as null pointer exceptions or type errors. Global Error Handling in Nest.js Nest.js provides a global error handling mech...

Nest.js is a popular Node.js framework for building server-side applications. As with any application, performance optimization is crucial to ensure a seamless user experience. In this article, we'll explore various techniques to optimize the performance of a Nest.js application. Understanding Performance Optimization Performance optimization is the process of improving the speed and efficiency of an application. It involves identifying bottlenecks and implementing strategies to reduce latency, improve throughput, and enhance overall system performance. Why Optimize Performance? Optimizing performance is essential for several reasons: Improved user experience: Faster response times and efficient processing lead to a better user experience. Increased scalability: Optimized applications can handle increased traffic and load without compromising performance. Reduced costs: Optimized applications require fewer resources, resulting in lower infrastructure costs. ...

As a popular Node.js framework, Nest.js provides a robust set of tools for building scalable and maintainable applications. However, security is a critical aspect of any application, and Nest.js is no exception. In this article, we'll explore the best practices and techniques for securing a Nest.js application, ensuring the protection of your users' data and preventing potential vulnerabilities. Understanding Security in Nest.js Nest.js provides a built-in security mechanism through its use of TypeScript and the Node.js ecosystem. However, it's essential to understand the potential security risks associated with any application and take proactive measures to mitigate them. Common Security Risks in Nest.js Applications Some common security risks in Nest.js applications include: SQL Injection: This occurs when an attacker injects malicious SQL code into your application's database, potentially leading to data breaches or unauthorized access. Cross-Site S...

Debugging is an essential part of the software development process. It allows developers to identify and fix errors, ensuring that their application works as expected. In this article, we will explore the various methods and tools available for debugging a Nest.js application. Understanding the Debugging Process Debugging involves identifying the source of an error, understanding the root cause, and implementing a fix. The process typically involves the following steps: Reproducing the error: This involves recreating the conditions that led to the error. Identifying the source: This involves using various tools and techniques to pinpoint the location of the error. Understanding the root cause: This involves analyzing the code and identifying the underlying issue that led to the error. Implementing a fix: This involves making changes to the code to resolve the error. Using the Built-in Debugger Nest.js provides a built-in debugger that can be used to step throug...

Logging is an essential part of any application, as it allows developers to track and debug issues that may arise during runtime. In Nest.js, logging is handled by the built-in `Logger` class, which provides a simple and flexible way to log messages at different levels. In this article, we'll explore how to use logging in Nest.js and provide some best practices for implementing logging in your applications. Enabling Logging in Nest.js By default, Nest.js has logging enabled, and you can start logging messages right away. However, you can customize the logging behavior by passing a `Logger` instance to the `NestFactory.create()` method when creating the Nest.js application. import { NestFactory } from '@nestjs/core'; import { AppModule } from './app.module'; async function bootstrap() { const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule, { logger: true, }); await app.listen(3000); } bootstrap(); Logging Levels Nest.js supports four logging levels:...

In this article, we'll explore how to use Nest.js with PostgreSQL, a popular Node.js framework and a powerful relational database management system. We'll cover the basics of setting up a Nest.js project, installing the required dependencies, and configuring the PostgreSQL database. We'll also dive into creating a simple CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) application using Nest.js and PostgreSQL. Prerequisites To follow along with this guide, you'll need to have the following installed on your machine: Node.js (version 14 or higher) NPM (version 6 or higher) PostgreSQL (version 12 or higher) A code editor or IDE of your choice Setting up a Nest.js Project To create a new Nest.js project, run the following command in your terminal: npm i -g @nestjs/cli nest new nest-postgres This will create a new Nest.js project called `nest-postgres`. Navigate into the project directory: cd nest-postgres Installing Dependencies To use PostgreSQL with...

Caching is a technique used to improve the performance of an application by storing frequently accessed data in a faster, more accessible location. In this article, we will explore how to implement caching in a Nest.js application. Why Caching? Caching can significantly improve the performance of an application by reducing the number of requests made to the database or external APIs. By storing frequently accessed data in a cache, the application can quickly retrieve the data without having to make a request to the database or API. Types of Caching There are several types of caching that can be used in a Nest.js application, including: In-Memory Caching : This type of caching stores data in the application's memory. It is the fastest type of caching but is limited by the amount of memory available. Redis Caching : This type of caching stores data in a Redis database. It is faster than in-memory caching and can store more data. Database Caching : This type of ca...