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Creating Procedures in Ada

Ada is a high-level, object-oriented programming language that supports the creation of procedures, which are reusable blocks of code that perform a specific task. In this article, we will explore how to create procedures in Ada and discuss the different types of procedures available in the language.

What is a Procedure in Ada?

In Ada, a procedure is a subprogram that can be called from other parts of the program to perform a specific task. Procedures can take arguments, perform calculations, and return values. They are similar to functions in other programming languages, but unlike functions, procedures do not return a value.

Declaring a Procedure

To declare a procedure in Ada, you use the `procedure` keyword followed by the name of the procedure and a list of parameters in parentheses. The procedure body is enclosed in a `begin`-`end` block.


procedure Procedure_Name (Parameter_List) is
   -- procedure body
begin
   -- procedure statements
end Procedure_Name;

Example of a Simple Procedure

Here is an example of a simple procedure that prints a message to the console:


with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;

procedure Greet is
begin
   Put_Line ("Hello, World!");
end Greet;

Types of Procedures in Ada

Ada supports several types of procedures, including:

1. Parameterless Procedures

A parameterless procedure is a procedure that does not take any arguments. It can be called by simply using the procedure name.


procedure Greet is
begin
   Put_Line ("Hello, World!");
end Greet;

-- Call the procedure
Greet;

2. Procedures with Parameters

A procedure with parameters is a procedure that takes one or more arguments. The parameters are listed in the procedure declaration and can be used within the procedure body.


procedure Greet (Name : in String) is
begin
   Put_Line ("Hello, " & Name & "!");
end Greet;

-- Call the procedure
Greet ("John");

3. Procedures with Default Parameters

A procedure with default parameters is a procedure that takes one or more arguments with default values. If the argument is not provided when the procedure is called, the default value is used.


procedure Greet (Name : in String := "World") is
begin
   Put_Line ("Hello, " & Name & "!");
end Greet;

-- Call the procedure with a default parameter
Greet;

-- Call the procedure with a provided parameter
Greet ("John");

4. Procedures with Out Parameters

A procedure with out parameters is a procedure that returns one or more values through the parameters. The out parameters are listed in the procedure declaration and can be used within the procedure body.


procedure Add (A : in Integer; B : in Integer; Result : out Integer) is
begin
   Result := A + B;
end Add;

-- Call the procedure
declare
   X : Integer;
begin
   Add (2, 3, X);
   Put_Line (X'Img);
end;

5. Procedures with In Out Parameters

A procedure with in out parameters is a procedure that takes one or more arguments that can be both read and written. The in out parameters are listed in the procedure declaration and can be used within the procedure body.


procedure Increment (X : in out Integer) is
begin
   X := X + 1;
end Increment;

-- Call the procedure
declare
   Y : Integer := 5;
begin
   Increment (Y);
   Put_Line (Y'Img);
end;

Conclusion

In this article, we have explored how to create procedures in Ada and discussed the different types of procedures available in the language. Procedures are reusable blocks of code that can be used to perform specific tasks, and they are an essential part of any Ada program.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What is the difference between a procedure and a function in Ada?

A: A procedure in Ada is a subprogram that can be called from other parts of the program to perform a specific task, but it does not return a value. A function, on the other hand, is a subprogram that returns a value.

Q: Can a procedure in Ada have default parameters?

A: Yes, a procedure in Ada can have default parameters. If the argument is not provided when the procedure is called, the default value is used.

Q: Can a procedure in Ada have out parameters?

A: Yes, a procedure in Ada can have out parameters. The out parameters are listed in the procedure declaration and can be used within the procedure body to return values.

Q: Can a procedure in Ada have in out parameters?

A: Yes, a procedure in Ada can have in out parameters. The in out parameters are listed in the procedure declaration and can be used within the procedure body to both read and write values.

Q: How do I call a procedure in Ada?

A: To call a procedure in Ada, you simply use the procedure name followed by the arguments in parentheses. If the procedure has no arguments, you can call it by simply using the procedure name.

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